cuboid syndromeThe cuboid syndrome is a subluxation or disruption of the cuboid bone which lies on the outside of the foot. The disruption of this bone causes irritation to the surrounding soft tissue structures that attach to this bone.
This is a condition seen more often in athletes due to the excessive pressure and motion that they put their feet through. It is thought that the most common cause of cuboid syndrome is due to excessive inversion of the ankle or excessive plantarflexion of the foot. Certain athletes are seen at greater risk of developing cuboid syndrome. Male ballet dancers are very prone to this injury due to repetitive jumps, while female ballet dancers are prone to cuboid syndrome as a result of the second most cause of this condition, overuse injuries, where there is a repetitive microtrauma to the ligaments attaching to the cuboid bone.
Patients typically complain of pain that develops rapidly, or in some instances gradually after a prolonged period of time following an inversion sprain of the ankle. The pain is usually directly over the cuboid bone, but may also travel underneath the foot into the arch. Surrounding structures may also be painful. Pain may be present weight bearing and nonweight bearing but certainly it becomes more difficult to walk. The lateral side of the foot will exhibit swelling, may be black and blue (ecchymosis) and there may also be some redness, all signs of inflammation The diagnosis of cuboid syndrome cannot be made by use of x-ray or MRI because the subluxation is so minor that imaging studies would be of little value, however at least an x-ray is indicated to rule out other pathology particularly fracture. Cuboid syndrome responds well to conservative treatment with the primary treatment being manipulation of the cuboid bone back into place. In many instances relief from pain is instantaneous. Other forms of treatment include physical therapy, strappings and padding in a certain manner to force the cuboid back into position. An orthotic with a built in cuboid pad can be very helpful in maintaining the position of the cuboid.
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